Spektrum Sinkretisme Kristologis di Asia Kecil Pasca-Nicea (325-451 M)
Sintesis Bukti Arkeologis dan Tekstual
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sinkretisme Kristologis di Asia Kecil era Pasca-Nicea (325-451 M) dengan melampaui dikotomi ortodoksi-bidah. Melalui studi literatur interdisipliner, penelitian ini menyintesiskan bukti tekstual (tulisan patristik, hagiografi) dengan informasi arkeologis (arsitektur, seni pemakaman, jimat). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sinkretisme Kristologis tidak beroperasi sebagai fenomena tunggal, melainkan dalam sebuah spektrum dinamis yang berfungsi sebagai kerangka analitis. Spektrum ini terbagi dalam tiga tingkatan operasional: (1) adaptasi sadar, yakni penggunaan bentuk material pra-Kristen yang diisi dengan makna Kristen baru tanpa mengubah doktrin; (2) perpaduan pragmatis, yakni penggabungan nama dan kekuatan Kristus ke dalam praktik ritual lokal demi tujuan praktis (seperti perlindungan); dan (3) asimilasi konseptual, yakni pergeseran teologis di mana hakikat Kristus diredefinisi melalui narasi budaya regional. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinkretisme bukanlah sekadar korupsi doktrinal, melainkan mekanisme fundamental dari proses inkulturasi. Penelitian ini memberikan alat analisis yang lebih bernuansa untuk memahami realitas Kekristenan awal yang hidup dan beragam.
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