Implikasi pelbagai tafsir teologi Kristen mengenai Covid-19 di Indonesia
Abstrak
Berbagai aliran dalam gereja memahami Firman Tuhan sesuai dengan doktrin masing-masing gereja yang berdampak pada beragamnya penafsiran teologi Kristen mengenai Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini mencari latar belakang teologis atas pelbagai pandangan Covid-19 yang berkembang selama masa pandemi dan bagaimana implikasinya bagi orang Kristen di Indonesia. Melalui penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, maka peneliti menemukan sintesis teologis tentang pandemi memberikan implikasi terhadap pandangan orang memahami pandemi Covid-19. Hal ini yang membedakan penelitian ini dengan penelitian lain yang banyak membahas dari pandangan kesehatan, sosial, psikologi sementara peneliti memaparkan dari bentuk pelbagai tafsir yang ada di kalangan teologi Kristen. Penemuan penelitian ini adalah pemahaman teologis seseorang berimplikasi pada pemahamannya melihat pandemi Covid-19 dan juga antivirus. Berbagai pandangan teologis menjelaskan tentang Covid-19; ada yang setuju untuk menerima vaksin dan ada juga yang menolak vaksin karena alasan teologis.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Referensi
Asamoah-Gyadu, Kwabena. “Pentecostalism and Coronavirus.” Spiritus 6, no. 1 (2021): 157–174. http://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/spiritus/.
Asamoah-Gyadu, Kwabena, Alexander Chow, and Emma Wild-Wood. “Editorial: The COVID-19 Pandemic and World Christianity.” Studies in World Christianity 26, no. 3 (November 2020): 213–18. https://doi.org/10.3366/swc.2020.0306.
Augustiana, Lydia Weniati, Amos Neolaka, and Maya Malau. “Pandemi Covid-19 Suatu Tantangan Ketaatan Remaja Kristen Pada Protokol Kesehatan.” Didache: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 31–45. https://doi.org/10.55076/didache.v3i1.31.
Banarto, Kris. “Covid-19, Berkat Atau Bencana?” Kompasiana. January 15, 2021. https://www.kompasiana.com/krisbanarto5251/5ec0fc34097f3630874f75e2/covid-19-berkat-apa-bencana?page=2&page_images=1.
Ben-Smit, Peter. “Crisis as a Catalyst: Early Christian Texts and the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 44, no. 1 (September 3, 2021): 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142064X211028819.
Brad, Macdonald. “Man Has Lost Control of the Corona Virus, God Has Not.” The Trumpet, 2020. https://www.thetrumpet.com/22111-man-has-lost-control-of-the-coronavirus-god-has-not.
Buckingham, Rob. “What Does the Bible Say about the Coronavirus.” My Christian Daily, 2020. https://mychristiandaily.com/pastor-what-does-the-bible-say-about-the-coronavirus/.
David, Jeremiah. “Is the Corona Virus a Bible Prophecy.” Devotion, 2020. https://www1.cbn.com/devotions/is-the-coronavirus-a-bible-prophecy.
Dein, Simon. “Covid-19 and the Apocalypse: Religious and Secular Perspectives.” Journal of Religion and Health 60, no. 1 (February 2021): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01100-w.
Doang, Yunus. “PANDEMI COVID 19 DAN KEMISKINAN ; SUATU PRESPEKTIF TEOLOGI KRISTEN.” Voice of Wesley: Jurnal Ilmiah Musik Dan Agama 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.36972/jvow.v4i1.71.
Donkor, Kwabena. “Is God Responsible for COVID-19?” Reflections: Biblical Research Institute 7 (2020): 1–24. https://www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Reflections-70-April-June-2020-Final_0.pdf.
Duhoe, Alberta Aseye Ama, and Bernard Akuetey Toffa. “COVID-19: A Blessing or Curse on Affected Countries and Its Citizens.” Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences 1 (May 20, 2020): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.58256/rjass.v1i.106.
Dunnington, Kent, and Benjamin Wayman. “The Pandemic and the Future of Theology: A Conversation with Stanley Hauerwas.” Religion, 2022. https://www.abc.net.au/religion/pandemic-and-the-future-of-theology-with-stanley-hauerwas/13897818.
Hakh, Samuel Benyamin. “Covid-19 as Paideia: Reviewing the Theological Meaning of Covid-19 Based on Concept of the Paideia in Hebrews 12:4-13.” Kurios 7, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 97. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v7i1.256.
Hermanto, Yanto Paulus. “True Response to Covid-19plague Reviewed from The Perspective of Christian Faith. Series 3.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 25, no. 3 (2020): 33–36. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2505033336.
Levin, Jeff. “The Faith Community and the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?” Journal of Religion and Health 59, no. 5 (October 2, 2020): 2215–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01048-x.
McCaffrey, Graham, Shelley Raffin-Bouchal, and Nancy J. Moules. “Hermeneutics as Research Approach: A Reappraisal.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 214–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100303.
Merritt, Jonathan. “Some of the Most Visible Christians in America Are Failing the Coronavirus Test.” The Atlantic. April 24, 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/christian-cruelty-face-covid-19/610477.
Nassaji, Hossein. “Qualitative and Descriptive Research: Data Type versus Data Analysis.” Language Teaching Research 19, no. 2 (March 26, 2015): 129–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815572747.
Østebø, Terje, Kjetil Tronvoll, and Marit Tolo Østebø. “God’s Wrath in the Era of the Digidemic: Religious Interpretations of Covid-19 in Ethiopia.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 89, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 1334–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfab099.
Patterson, Roger. “Corona Virus Sign End.” Answer in Genessis. 2020. https://answersingenesis.org/coronavirus/coronavirus-sign-end-times/.
Pinontoan, Denni H.R. “Minahasan Church’s Response to COVID-19 in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Asia Research Institute. Singapore, 2020. https://ari.nus.edu.sg/20331-55/.
Piper, John. Coronavirus and Christ. 1st ed. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, 2020.
Piret, Jocelyne, and Guy Boivin. “Pandemics Throughout History.” Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (January 15, 2021): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736.
Roberto, Melissa. “Kourtney Kardashian Shares Bible Passage Suggesting God Would Punish Evil World with an ‘Epidemic.’” Fox News. 2020. https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/kourtney-kardashian-bible-passage-god-punish-evil-world-epidemic-coronavirus.
Sukamto, Amos, and S. Panca Parulian. “Religious Community Responses to the Public Policy of the Indonesian Government Related to the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Law, Religion and State 8, no. 2–3 (December 16, 2020): 273–83. https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-2020006.
Suratman, Efesus. “Tinjauan Teologis Terhadap Pandemi Coronavirus Desease 2019 Dalam Prinsip Pembalasan.” Manna Rafflesia 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 258–78. https://doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v7i2.145.
Tervanotko, Hanna. “How the Ancient Israelites Dealt with Epidemics — the Bible Tells of Prophecy and Rituals.” The Conversation. 2020. https://theconversation.com/how-the-ancient-israelites-dealt-with-epidemics-the-bible-tells-of-prophecy-and-rituals-135803.
Thomaskutty, Johnson. “God in the Midst of Pandemic COVID-19: Reflections Based on John 5:1-181.” BIBLICAL STUDIES JOURNAL 03, no. 04 (2021): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.54513/BSJ.2021.3401.
Timo, Ebenhaezer I Nuban, Edim Bahabol, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. “REVIVAL OF LOCAL RELIGION: A Challange for Church and National Life in Indonesia.” MAHABBAH: Journal of Religion and Education 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 71–86. https://doi.org/10.47135/mahabbah.v1i1.9.
Timo, Ebenhaizer I. Nuban, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. “THE BIBLE IN CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGICAL WORK IN INDONESIA.” QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.46362/quaerens.v3i1.24.
Tolmie, Francois, and Rian Venter. “Making Sense of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Bible – Some Perspectives.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 77, no. 4 (May 20, 2021). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i4.6493.
Urga, Abeneazer. “God and the Pandemic: A Christian Reflection on the Coronavirus and Its Aftermath.” Themelios: An International Journal for Pastors and Students of Theological and Religious Studies 45, no. 3 (2020): 712–713. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346955423_God_and_the_Pandemic_A_Christian_Reflection_on_the_Coronavirus_and_Its_Aftermath_Themelios_Volume_45_Issue_3_December_2020_712-713.
Valerio, Ruth, and Gideon Heugh. “A Christian Perspective On Covid-19.” tearfund, 2020. https://learn.tearfund.org/en/resources/bible-studies/covid19-a-christian-perspective.
Verster, Pieter. “A Theological Engagement with the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Pharos Journal of Theology 101 (2020): 1–14. https://www.pharosjot.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_49_vol_101__2020__ufs.pdf.
White, Robert S., and Roger Patterson. “Abbott. What About Viruses? A Christian Reflection on Covid-19.” Faraday, 2020. https://www.faraday.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/What-About-Viruses-A-Christian-Reflection-on-Covid-19-Robert-S.-White-and-Roger-P.-Abbott.pdf.
Widjaja, Fransiskus I., Rubin A. Abraham, Fredy Simanjuntak, Noh I. Boiliu, and Otieli Harefa. “Fruit in the Unfruitful Season: A Case Study of the Indonesian Bethel Church’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Verbum et Ecclesia 42, no. 1 (August 10, 2021). https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v42i1.2247.
Wild-Wood, Emma, and Alexander Chow. “COVID-19 and Christianity.” The Round Table 109, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 474–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1790773.
Wright, Tom. God and The Pandemic. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2020.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by4.footer##Examples of Creative Commons Licensing Notifications in the Copyright Notices
1. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
